The use of more than one factor to establish identity online – multi-factor authentication (MFA) – is a crucial way to protect against breaches that involve stolen credentials or compromised accounts. Various combinations of authentication factors are emerging, and continually evolving, as hackers become more sophisticated. In this second part of our two-article series about MFA for the financial sector, we explore MFA innovations (including those from the Fast Identity Online Alliance), what regulators expect around the world, resources and guidance for best practices and how companies can economically implement an MFA system. In part one, we discussed the MFA landscape for the financial sector, strategies for ensuring both security and user friendliness, challenges that certain factors present and the means to overcome those challenges. See also “Finding the Best Ways to Secure Digital Transactions in a Mobile World” (Oct. 19, 2016).